Question 1

Which referencing style does NWU use?

Accepted Answer

NWU primarily uses the Harvard referencing style (author-date system). Some faculties may require APA 7th edition — always check your module guide.

Question 2

How do I cite a source with no author?

Accepted Answer

Use the organisation name or source title in place of the author. For example: (Studentify 2024) or (Anonymous 2024). In your reference list, list alphabetically by the first significant word of the title.

Question 3

What is the difference between a reference list and a bibliography?

Accepted Answer

A reference list includes only sources cited in your text. A bibliography lists all sources consulted, whether cited or not. NWU Harvard style uses a reference list by default.

Question 4

How do I cite a website?

Accepted Answer

Format: Organisation/Author. Year. Page title. [Online] Available: URL [Accessed Day Month Year]. Example: NWU. 2024. Academic rules. [Online] Available: https://studies.nwu.ac.za [Accessed 15 January 2024].

Question 5

How do I cite multiple authors in-text?

Accepted Answer

For two authors: (Smith & Jones 2022). For three or more authors: (Smith et al. 2022). In the reference list, list all authors.

Question 6

Do I need page numbers for in-text citations?

Accepted Answer

Include page numbers when directly quoting: (Smith 2022:45). For paraphrasing, page numbers are optional but recommended.

North-West University (NWU)

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